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UK Tactical Data Systems
Reference Guide
UK Tactical Data Systems
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The information contained within this chapter is organised
in the following order:
Section One - Description of the organisation for TDL
operations within the overall umbrella of the arrangements for the defence of
the UK and associated training activities.
Section Two - Data sheets for UK platforms that provide
information on equipment capabilities associated with TDL operations. The
data sheets are roughly grouped in terms of TDL capabilities and functions.
Many of these platforms often deploy away from the UK but will also
contribute to defence of the UK and use UK training facilities. Brief
description of system / equipment capabilities that do not have TDL
capabilities but may benefit from TDL derived information is also included.
Section Three – Description of the Joint Command
formations that will utilise TDL capabilities and associated CIS
capabilities. Data sheets for formations established to provide TDL
capabilities for deployment outside the UK are also included here.
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Section One
UKCAOC
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Situated within the underground bunker provisions at RAF
High Wycombe, the UKCAOC is responsible for the overall coordination of
NATO’s air defence, ground attack and maritime air elements within Air
Policing Area 9 (essentially the UK FIR with some additional
responsibilities). It is from the UKCAOC that a Duty Controller orders any
reaction in response to an unauthorised incursion into UK National and NATO
airspace. The UK ASACS is designed to achieve optimum coverage of Area 9 and
it thus forms the structure that must be utilised in order to realise the
potential of UK Tactical Data systems. The configuration of the UK ASACS is
monitored and controlled 24 hours a day by a dedicated team working within
the UKCAOC. This team, its equipment and the specific arrangements made for
TDL operations are discussed in the following sections.
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UKASACS (Command and Control (CRC) / Remote Radar Heads
(RRH))
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Mission. UK ASACS is a comprehensive, secure,
reliable and survivable network that provides NATO with AD and C2, and UK with peacetime air C2 training for deployable forces. The system gathers information on
all ac flying in UK Area Of Interest (AOI) comparing it to legitimate ac
movements to produce a Recognised Air Picture (RAP). The RAP is used to
control interceptors investigating unauthorised incursions and control
military training sorties within UK airspace. UK ASACS is responsible for
managing the UK ballistic missile warning system.
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Complement. One operational CRC and training school at Boulmer (BL) and an operational CRC at Scampton. seven Remote Radar
Heads (RRH) Buchan (BU), Neatishead (NT), Benbecula (BE), Saxa Vord (SV),
Faeroes (FA), Staxton Wold (SW) and Portreath (PT). The ASACS is configured
by UK CAOC*.
Shelter. The CRC is located in an underground
bunker and the RRHs are housed within hardened shelters.
DHS. United Kingdom Air Defence Ground Environment
Capability Maintenance Programme (UCMP) is operational.
Sensors. 2 T92, 4 T93 3-D E/F-band long-range
EPM-protected static sensors, but radars are trailer mounted and can be
re-deployed if necessary. FA has slightly less capable T91 D-band radar.
Sensor coverage is supplemented by civilian ATC radars.
Consoles. 42 at each CRC.
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Communications. Each CRC has access to
comprehensive suite of UHF / VHF radios, including Have-Quick 2, located
throughout the UK. HF provided by Strike Command Integrated Communication
System (STCICS). CRCs also have extensive telecommunications connectivity.
Encryption. Inter-site network is fully encrypted,
but Link 1 is not; however, UCMP-ADLBS intra-site connectivity is physically
protected and is thus secure.
TDL Capability. Early warning data (but not EW
strobes) exchanged by full-duplex Link 1 with Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands and France, and by Link 11B / Link 1 buffer with Iceland. ASACS exchanges tactical data with mobile platforms via a Link 1 interface with the ADLBS
and SSSB. Some JAPNMS*UKCAOC equipment also located at UK ASACS sites.
Future Enhancements. UCMP will be replaced by
NATO’s Air Command and Control System (ACCS) in 2011.
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Equipment and Locations until Dec 2006
ADLBS
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Formerly known as ASR 894, ADLBS forms a buffer between UCMP and mobile TDL platforms. System receives Link 1 from UCMP and SSSB and Link 11 and IJMS
from mobile platforms. The data is correlated in the DLB and forwarded,
subject to filters, to those links not already holding those tracks, but
system will not forward data between Link 11 and IJMS.
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Complement. Three IJMS / Link 11 DLBs at SV, BL
& NT. IJMS only DLB at FA. Link 11 only DLB at BU.
Shelter. Operator ws in CRC; rest in 20 ft ISO cabin.
DHS. The five sites form a WAN with all data
disseminated around the system in real-time.
Consoles. Two ws per unit.
Radios. UHF (secure /insecure) and HF (insecure
only).
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TDL Capability. BU & SV UHF Link 11 only; BL
& NT UHF & HF capable (CLEW waveform and Net Control Station (NCS) and Grid Reference Unit (GRU) capable). ADLBS also operates as IJMS NTR. Automatic and
manual correlation between Link 11, IJMS and Link 1. Link 1 limited to 1200
bps causing data latency and correlation problems. Planning avoids data
looping, but known problem with some platforms when changing hostile ID
categories.
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SSSB
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The SSSB is a NATO facility that provides an interface
between naval surface units and the European AD system. It is essentially a
data forwarder that forwards data, subject to filtering, between all or any
of the links it supports, i.e. Links 1, 11 and 14.
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Complement. Three DLBs situated at PT, SV and BE
(C&M); additional DLBs planned for BU (2003) and FA (2004).
Shelter. Two x 20 ft ISO cabins.
DHS. The SSSBs are not inter-networked, but are connected
to the ADLBS by Link 1.
Radios. UHF and HF (insecure only).
Consoles. Two ws per unit.
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TDL Capability. All sites both UHF and HF capable; PT
also has HF skywave aerials pointed both N and SW. SSSB has Link 11 CLEW
waveform and can operate as NCS and GRU. Data latency with remains a problem
for ADLBS because two Link 1 connections are involved. Track correlation is
undertaken within the ADLBS.
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Overall ASACS TDL Capability
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RAP generally accurate and timely, but maritime surface
tracks and EW need manual intervention. There is no automated battle
management and weapons control.
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UK Joint Data Links Management Organisation
(UK JDLMO)
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The UK JDLMO is a National tri-service organisation and is
co-located with UKCAOC. The JDLMO manages TDL on behalf of CAOC 9 within Air
Policing Area (ARA) 9, whilst supporting :
·
The maintenance of all TDL operations within UK FIR / UIR and
OOA deployments by UK forces.
·
The policing of MIDS / JTIDS networks within NATO ARA 9 on behalf of CAOC 9, UK MOD and the CAA.
To achieve its objective the JDLMO is sub-divided into
three cells:
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Data Links Management Cell (DLMC).
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Network Design Cell (NDC).
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Plans and Training. (P & T).
ORGANISATION
DLMC. The DLMC is responsible for the planning and coordination
of all UK based JTIDS / MIDS operations and undertakes the active management
of the Operational Network (OPNET). The cell is also responsible for
obtaining Frequency Clearance for visiting platforms to the UK, development platforms within the UK and UK platforms deploying overseas, and is mandated to
monitor Frequency Clearance compliance on behalf of the CAA.
NDC. The NDC is responsible for the design of all
MIDS / JTIDS networks employed within APA 9 except designs produced by the
SHAPE Network Design Facility for use during cross border exercises. JTIDS
Users (JU) operating within APA 9 may only utilise MIDS / JTIDS network
designs authorised by the JDLMO.
Plans & Training. Awaiting establishment of
personnel and task(s).
TOOLS
TDL Network Design System (TNDS). The TDL planning
function is supported by the TNDS, which has a comprehensive geographic
planning interface that allows theatre-wide IER planning. The TNDS also has
a JTIDS network design element for allocating individual transmission and
receipt assignments for each platform within the network.
JTIDS Portable Capability (JPC). An austere
deployable network management capability is provided by JDLMO personnel using
the JPC.
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JTIDS Network Management System (JNMS)
As at Sep 06
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JNMS replaces the UK JTIDS Air Platform Network Management
System (JAPNMS) as the UK fixed wide-area JTIDS (Link 16 and IJMS) network
management tool. The JNMS provides the capability to monitor and manage up to
six multiple JTIDS networks or a single, complex network within UK airspace. The system comprise of two distinct parts; two Network Management Modules
(NMM) provide the processing, communications and displays necessary for
Network Managers (NM) to monitor and manage the Network(s), six Remote
Terminal Modules (RTM) will be located throughout the UK each being equipped
with terminals, antennas, power supplies and crypto equipment to enable the
System to interface with the JTIDS networks.
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Complement. NMMs will be sited within the JDLMO and
at CRC Scampton (SA) to provide multiple NM positions and system redundancy /
back up. Six RTMs located at Buchan (BU), Staxton Wold (SW), Neatishead (NT),
Tregantle Fort (TF), Valley (VY) and Benbecula (BE) will provide the widest
possible coverage of the UK airspace at medium to high level.
Consoles. 2 ws per NM
Terminal.
TDL Capability. The JNMS monitors Time Slot (TS)
usage by all JTIDS Units, calculates Time Slot Duty Factor (TSDF) for whole
networks and all units. It can change TS allocations remotely. The JNMS
Monitors networks for frequency clearance issues, including proximity to
navigation aids. Although capable of receiving all Link 16 and IJMS
messages, only data necessary for network management is displayed.
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Radios. 2.4 and 16 kbps JTIDS voice, UHF and HF.
Connectivity. The UK Defence Fixed
Telecommunication System (DFTS) will provide the required connectivity
between each system location.
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Multi-TDL
Management System (MTMS) (Dec 06)
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The MTMS will provide the UK with a deployable capability
to plan, monitor and manage multiple TDL networks across a theatre of
operations. The System will provide sophisticated functionality to support
the planning of TDL architectures involving Link 11A, Link 11B and JTIDS (Link
16). Using MTMS, the JDLMO will be able to deploy a UK Data Link Management
Cell (DLMC) to monitor and manage up to three JTIDS (Link 16) networks (or a
single complex wide-area JTIDS network) and two Link 11A nets.
MTMS will comprise of:
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One Network Management Module (NMM) to provide the processing
and displays necessary to support the Network Manger (NM) planning and
monitoring / managing tasks.
·
Three Link 16 Remote Terminal Modules (RTM), each of which are
equipped with terminals, radios, antennas, power supplies and crypto devices
to interface with the various nets/network.
The NMM will be co-located with a Component Commander (CC)
HQ (primarily the JFACHQ) to enable the NMs to liaise and coordinate with
other planners and operations staffs.
It is envisaged that the RTMs will be co-located with
units such as No 1ACC or Army Div HQs within Line-of-Sight of the forward
Battlespace. Connectivity between the NMM and RTMs, which may be separated by
up to 600nm across the operational theatre, will be provided by the SKYNET V
service.
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Receive
Only Link Eleven (ROLE)
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ROLE is a standalone Link 11 receive only facility that
can operate at either HF or UHF, but it does not implement all Link 11
messages. It has a colour display and keyboard, and may be fitted to
platforms without an automated command or TDS system, but which nevertheless
have a requirement for a TDL picture, possibly to provide information out of
the platform’s own sensor range. The display range of ROLE is 2000nm. As UK
JDLMO has no access to the ASACS Data Link Buffer System (ADLBS) or SSSB, it
uses a ROLE facility to monitor Link 11 operations within the UK Area Of
Responsibility (AOR).
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Section Two
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This
section provides data sheets for UK TDL equipped platforms. The data
provided is in a format that is common to all the platforms and capabilities
discussed. Operations planners may require greater levels of detail than
those provided here. In order to limit each data sheet to one page common
abbreviations are used and are defined here. Where a common abbreviation is
not appropriate, plain English is used.
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Platform
/ Unit Overview
The
platform / unit overview will give information that indicates the role of the
platform or unit and other information considered pertinent to its
operation. Thus, for example, typical mission lengths for aircraft are of
interest while 24 hour operation of a ship does not need to be mentioned.
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Data
Handling Systems
This
section is split into the three platform environments of Air, Maritime and
Land. Integrated TDL processing capability will be indicated.
Air
Host system nomenclature or free
text .
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Maritime
Command System (CS) nomenclature –
ADAWS, CACS, DNA1, DNA2.
Command Support System (CSS) – processing of RMP with input from CS.
Data link processor –
Data Link Processing System (DLPS)
– Combat System Highway participant.
Tactical Data Link Server (TDLS) –
Integrated with CS.
Data Link Pre Processor (DLPP) –
Separate TDL processor connected to CS.
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Land
Host system nomenclature – JOCS,
RAFCSS, PJFACSS, CTAPS, TDL processing / management nomenclature where
appropriate
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Position
The following terminology is used:
Global Positioning System (GPS) – where the primary means of determining position is through the reception of GPS signals.
Inertial Reference System – where
the primary means of determining position is through the use of an inertial
navigation system.
Gyroscope – Where the primary means
of determining position is through the use of a traditional gyroscope compass
system.
Combinations of position system and
this will be indicated.
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Sensors
Air
Radar Air
to Air (all current fits assumed to be TWS, MTI etc.).
Air
to Ground (current fits generally assumed to be MTI) .
Air/Surface
surveillance (generally E/F band).
Land
surveillance (band specified).
IFF MK X - Modes 1, 2 and 3A.
MK
XII - Modes 1, 2, 3A, C and 4.
MK
XIIA - Modes 1, 2, 3A, C, 4 and 5.
Mode
S.
ESM Radar
ESM (RESM), Communications ESM (CESM), RWR.
EO/IR Free
text.
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Maritime
Radar LRAS
3D - Long-range Air Surveillance 3D (generally D band)
LRAS
2D - Long-range Air Surveillance 2D (generally D band)
MRAS/TI
- Medium Range Air / Surface Surveillance and Target Indication (generally
E/F band)
SRAS/TI
-Short Range Air / Surface Surveillance and Target Indication (generally E/F
band)
SRSN
– Short Range Surface Surveillance/Navigation (generally I band)
FC
- Fire Control (generally I band)
MFR
– 3D Multi Function Radar for surveillance, target indication. FC may also
be included. (band specified)
IFF MK X - Modes 1, 2 and 3A
MK
XII - Modes 1, 2, 3A, C and 4
MK
XIIA - Modes 1, 2, 3A, C, 4 and 5
Mode
S
ESM Radar
ESM (RESM), Communications ESM (CESM)
EO/IR Surveillance
and / or FC (EO and/or IR may be specified)
Sonar Short,
Medium or Long-range Active Sonar, Passive Sonar, Variable Depth (VD) or
Towed Array (TA)
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Land
Radar LRAS
3D - Long-range Air Surveillance 3D (generally D band)
LRAS
2D - Long-range Air Surveillance 2D (generally D band)
MRA/TI
- Medium Range Air Surveillance and Target Indication (generally E/F band)
SRA/TI
- Short Range Air Surveillance and Target Indication (generally E/F band)
FC
- Fire Control (generally I band)
MFR
– 3D Multi Function Radar (band specified)
IFF MK X - Modes 1, 2 and 3A
MK
XII - Modes 1, 2, 3A, C and 4
MK
XIIA - Modes 1, 2, 3A, C, 4 and 5
Mode
S
EO/IR Surveillance
and/or FC (EO and / or IR may be specified)
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TDL Capability
Link 16 C2 JTIDS
or MIDS + version or satellite/STDL
Link 16 Non
C2 JTIDS or MIDS + version
Link 16 SA Situation
Awareness JTIDS or MIDS + version
Link 11
Link 11B
Link 22
Link 1
VMF
Others Includes
IJIMS capable
Remarks JU, PU, RU, CIU, FJU etc.
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Communications
Capability is
indicated by 4
UHF only
V/UHF
Secure Voice
V/UHF
VHF only (IMM
indicates maritime use)
HF CLEW only
HF CLEW/SLEW
Secure Voice
HF
SATCOM SHF, EHF, UHF, INMARSAT
HaveQuick/Saturn
SINCGARS
Remarks Free
text
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Weapons
Air – Air BVRAAM,
MRAAM, SRAAM.
Air – Ground CM
(cruise missiles), ARM, Precision Weapons, Anti-Tank, Rockets, Chain Guns,
Gun(s) (with size).
Air – Surface
CM, ASM.
Surface – Air Area
Defence Missiles, Self Defence Missiles, Self Defence Guns (with size).
Surface –
Surface CM, SSM, Guns (with size).
Subsurface Torpedoes
- anti-ship or anti-S/M.
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Sensor/Weapon
Relationship
Free text
with brief overview of essential elements of system design.
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Defensive
Systems
Includes
indication of whether integrated or not.
DASS
MWS
RWR
Decoys -
Chaff, IR, Onboard Jammer, Off board Jammer, Floating decoys, Noise.
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Additional
Systems
Free text
with system names and any necessary explanation.
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E3D
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The E3-D
was procured as the UK's contribution to the NATO AEW Force, but is now
employed extensively in the AWACS role. The E3-D’s roles include the C2
functions of air / sea surveillance, weapons control and an emerging Command
function known as Airborne Command Element (ACE). The E3-D may also give
assistance to offensive air forces in penetrating an opponent’s defences, as well
as to providing support to AAR, Air Transport (AT) and Combat Search And
Rescue (CSAR) operations. The aircraft’s endurance is approximately 10 hrs,
but this can be extended using either drogue or boom AAR. A normal crew is
18 (four flight deck, 14 mission crew: Tactical Director, Fighter Allocator
and two Fighter Controllers, Surveillance Controller and two / three
operators, Link Manager, ESM and Comms operator, and comms, display and radar
technicians. The aircraft are parented at RAF WADDINGTON with mission
tasking normally through the NATO AEW Force Command
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DATA HANDLING SYSTEMS
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CC2E main
computer based on the IBM 4Pi system.
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POSITION
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Inertial
Reference Systems & GPS
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SENSORS
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TDL
CAPABILITY
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Radar
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Air/Surface
Surv
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Link 16 C2
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JTIDS
Class 2H
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IFF
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MK XII
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Link 11
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CLEW only
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ESM
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RESM
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Link 11B
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IJIMS
capable
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Remarks
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JU, PU,
CIU
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COMMUNICATIONS
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UHF
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4
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SATCOM
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2 x UHF
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V/UHF
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4
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HF CLEW
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4
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VHF
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4
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HF
SLEW/CLEW
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Secure
Voice V/UHF
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4
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Secure
Voice HF
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4
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HaveQuick/Saturn
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4
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SINCGARS
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4
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Remarks
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V/UHF
radios either HaveQuick or SINCGARS configuration
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WEAPONS
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None
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DEFENSIVE
SYSTEMS
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None
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SENSOR/WEAPON
Relationship
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Although
without its own weapons the E3 has significant capability for the control and
coordination of fighter (and supporting) aircraft. Positioning to achieve
the required surveillance and fighter coordination is therefore paramount.
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Additional
Systems
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Mission Data Exchange System (HF only).
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Sea King Mk 7 ASaC
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The Sea
King ASaC Mk 7 is optimised for the provision of air surveillance and control
of interceptor aircraft for Fleet defence. It can also undertake surface
search and provide support for counter air operations and CAS. Improved capability to contribute to land operations can be expected to be provided within
its existing systems in the near future.
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DATA
HANDLING SYSTEMS
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Integrated
host and TDL system
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POSITION
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Inertial
Reference System & GPS
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SENSORS
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TDL
CAPABILITY
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Radar
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Air/Surface
Surv
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Link 16 C2
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AN-URC/138
terminal
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IFF
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MK XII
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ESM
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RESM
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Remarks
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C2
capability does not include J9.0 Command messages Tx
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COMMUNICATIONS
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UHF
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SATCOM
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V/UHF
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4
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HF
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4
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VHF
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HF
SLEW/CLEW
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Secure
Voice V/UHF
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4
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Secure
Voice HF
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HaveQuick/Saturn
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4
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SINCGARS
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Remarks
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WEAPONS
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DEFENSIVE
SYSTEMS
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None
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None
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SENSOR/WEAPON
Relationship
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The fully
integrated radar and Link 16 system are optimised for the control of CAP stations and the associated weapons systems. The radar also has significant capability
against land targets and this will be exploited through addition to the
existing host processing and TDL message capabilities.
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Additional
Systems
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Portable
Loading Device (PLD) enables Link 16 and mission settings to be prepared and
carried onboard.
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CVS
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Two active
CVS operate both fixed wing (STOVL) and rotary wing ASuW, ASW and AEW aircraft.
The mix of aircraft can be varied for the operation in hand. Extensive C2
capability is provided to enable a Force Command Function to be undertaken.
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DATA HANDLING SYSTEMS
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CS, CSS, DLPS,
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POSITION
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GPS, 2x Inertial Reference Systems
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SENSORS
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TDL
CAPABILITY
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Radar
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LRAS 2D, SRAS/TI,
2 x SRSN
Additional
ATC radar fitted to ILLUSTRIOUS
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Link 16 C2
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JTIDS
Class 2H, STDL
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IFF
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MK XII
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Link 11
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CLEW/SLEW
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ESM
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RESM
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Remarks
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JU, PU,
CIU
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EO
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Surv
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Sonar
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MRAS
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COMMUNICATIONS
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4
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SATCOM
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2 x SHF, 2 x UHF (FTR), INMARSAT,
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UHF
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V/UHF
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4
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HF CLEW
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VHF
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2 x IMM
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HF
SLEW/CLEW
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4
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Secure
Voice V/UHF
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4
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Secure
Voice HF
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4
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HaveQuick/Saturn
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4
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SINCGARS
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Remarks
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All
operators can access secure voice communications
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WEAPONS
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DEFENSIVE
SYSTEMS
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Surface to
Air
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3 x 20mm Phalanx
or 30mm Goalkeeper
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IR/Chaff
decoys, Floating decoys,
Towed
noise decoys
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Surface to
Surface
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2 x 20mm
guns
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SENSOR/WEAPON
Relationship
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The CVS weapon systems are now optimised for self defence. However, a full multi environment
tactical picture compilation and tactical command capability is retained.
All local
sensor data is compiled into the tactical picture in the CS where the RAP is
displayed. The DPLS conducts TDL processing of remote and local data under
the control of CS operators. Control and coordination of TDL and Non TDL
fitted aircraft is fully supported by the CS.
CSS uses data from the CS and from the MCC ashore (both NATO & National sources) to display
an extensive, accurate RMP. Additional CSS facilities are provided for the
Force Command function.
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Additional
Systems
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Additional
standalone national systems assist the Force Command function.
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T42
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The T42
provides the current RN area SAM force defence capability with the Sea Dart
missile system and the T42 is provided with facilities to operate as the
Force AAW Coordinator. The ship is also capable of anti-surface, anti-submarine
and fire support operations. Flying facilities are provided for Lynx
helicopters that operate in ASuW (Sea Skua ASM) or ASW (Stingray torpedo)
roles.
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DATA HANDLING SYSTEMS
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CS, CSS, DLPS,
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POSITION
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GPS, 2x Inertial Reference Systems
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SENSORS
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TDL
CAPABILITY
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Radar
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LRAS 2D, SRAS/TI,
2 x SRSN
2 x FC
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Link 16 C2
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JTIDS
Class 2H, STDL
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IFF
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MK XII
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Link 11
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CLEW/SLEW
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ESM
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RESM
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Remarks
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JU, PU,
CIU
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EO
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